A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Dash, S. N.
- Effect of Influent Concentration on Biodegradation of Phenol Using Packed Bed Reactor
Authors
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Srikakulam Dist., A.P, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 7, No 4 (2008), Pagination: 653-658Abstract
There is a general perception that the phenols being toxic are not amenable to biological degradation. Continuous biodegradation of phenol in synthetic wastewater is carried out in a packed bed bioreactor using immobilized Nocardia hydrocarbonoxydans. Glass beads were used as the carrier particles for cell immobilization. The effect of influent phenol concentration on packed bed bioreactor for phenol biodegradation during start up and at steady state were studied. Almost 99.6% degradation of 200 ppm phenol could be achieved. Percentage degradation of phenol decreased with the increase in influent concentration. The combined effect of higher phenol concentration and volumetric phenol loading might have resulted in lower degradation. Only 58.4% degradation of 1000 ppm phenol could be achieved with the packed bed bioreactor containing 6400 glass beads. Toxic effects of phenol were found to play a role at 1000 ppm influent concentration. With increase in dilution rate, the percentage degradation was decreased.Keywords
Phenol Biodegradation, Packed Bed Reactor, Immobilized Nocardia, Biological , Fixed-Films, Steady State.Full Text
- Adsorption of Zinc Metal from Paper Mills Wastewater by Activated Carbon Prepared from Shorea robusta Leaf Litter
Authors
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam-532 127 Dist. Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 7, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 117-122Abstract
In this paper, a study of removal efficiency of zinc from a simulated Paper Mills Effluent by adsorption on a non-convectional material, activated carbon from Shorea robusta leaf litter, is presented. AS the adsorption potential of activated carbon varies as a function of contact time, initial metal concentration in the aqueous solution, temperature of solution, particle size of the adsorbent used, pH of solution, flow rate and the chemical and physical characteristics of the activated carbon and the wastewater, the chemical and physical properties of the activated carbon have been carried out.
The controlling efficiency of the adsorption of zinc is affected by aqueous solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial metal ion concentration, which are investigated for the batch process. Results of the investigation were used for the kinetic studies to understand the mechanism of the adsorption process. The adsorption equilibrium is well correlated by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. From the experimental results it was found that the optimum activated carbon dose is 2.8 g/L. At this optimum carbon dose, by varying the contact time, it was found that the equilibrium occurs at one hour of operation and maximum adsorption (83.23%) at high values of solution pH (9.0) and high initial metal ion concentration.
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